If only I knew where to find God,
I would go to his court. (Job 23:3)
I go east, but he is not there.
I go west, but I cannot find him. (Job 23:8)
A quick, oversimplified, poorly explained lesson in Hebrew poetical structure:
Hebrew poetry is generally structured with a technique called parallelism. Parallelism is not a lyrical structure, meaning it is not about the sounds or cadence of words like most English poetical structures. It is a conceptual structure, so it has more to do with the ideas being expressed. The way I think about it is a rhyming of thoughts rather than a rhyming of words.
Hebrew poetry is often written in couplets that contain these “thought rhymes” directly. These “thought rhymes” can be two ideas that are synonymous but reworded, like these: “For I have stayed on God’s paths;/ I have followed his ways and not turned aside.” (v. 11) Stayed, followed, and not turned aside are all synonymous in meaning; God’s paths and his ways are likewise synonyms. They can be two ideas that mean the same expressed in opposite ways, like these: “But once he has made his decision, who can change his mind?/ Whatever he wants to do, he does.” (v. 13) No one can change his mind and he does what he wants to do mean the same thing, but they have opposite subjects (no one/he), opposite verbs (change, does what he wants), and yet mean the same conceptually . Or they can be a foundational idea and one that builds on top of it, like these: “If only I knew where to find God, I would go to his court.” (v. 3) The first idea directly leads to the next, and the second idea is only the natural progression of the first.
But the best Hebrew poetry carries this structure farther. The couplets themselves become single units in a larger rhyming of thought; the structure grows and grows, building on itself, to a peak that expresses the main idea of the poem. I think of it like switchbacks, or a spiral trail up a mountain. Mountains have tremendous spiritual significance to the Semitic peoples. Noah’s ark came to rest on the top of Mount Ararat when God’s judgment had passed; Abraham climbed a mountain to sacrifice Isaac and receive the substitute sacrifice; Moses climbed a mountain to commune with God and receive his commands. The spiritual significance of mountains was not limited to the Jews in ancient religion, either. When the Bible refers to “tearing down their high places,” in regards to idol worship, it means that literally. Many temples and alters were constructed on top of mountains in that part of the world and several others. The gods were said to dwell on top of mountains, most famously like Mount Olympus of the Greeks. Wherever there were mountains, it seems, people found some kind of meaning in them. I would even argue we still do.
The ancient peoples, too, saw symbolic significance in ascension: a person began at the bottom too close their ideas, beliefs, questions, or problems to see clearly, and as they rose higher and higher on the proverbial mountain side of contemplation and gained distance from those things, they could see the lay of the land better and better, if you will. Sometimes distance is needed to see the full picture. Up the mountain of thought, the poets went, to gain perspective and spiritual clarity, and then back down into their real life to put into practice whatever revelation they received at the top.
If we apply this structure to the book of Job, Job is just beginning to descend from that peak of revelation that will change how he approaches his life from now on. He has contemplated the failure of his own efforts to achieve a peaceful and prosperous life, despite his flawless actions, and has climbed through the realization that he needs someone stronger than himself to mediate between him and God. He has reached the absolute peak of revelation with his declaration that he will see his Redeemer stand upon the earth, and now, he begins his descent back into his life with this changed spiritual mindset and repaired and refined theology. In other words, now that Job understands his own efforts are not enough and he needs someone to save him, the question is –
What now?
Or, in the words of Francis Schaeffer, How Then Shall We Live?
Job’s friends have made it clear what they believe. They very much represent what the people down in the valley on the other side, who have not climbed this mountain, still believe. Literarily, they provide a contrast to show the extent of his spiritual growth and change.
Physically, literally, they present an insurmountable obstacle. At this point, Job is in an impossible rhetorical position: even though all evidence is on his side, and even though he is telling the truth, he cannot win this argument because of the prejudice of his opponents. Their preconceived beliefs about how the world should be, how they want it to be, prevent them from seeing this situation for what it is. Their own arguments are circular and self-perpetuating: because you are suffering, you are sinful, and because you are sinful, you are untrustworthy, and because you are untrustworthy, your self-defense is sinful, and because you are sinful, you are suffering. They have fallen into the fallacy of presumed guilt. Job cannot reason with them because they don’t believe a word he says. They don’t believe a word he says because of who they believe he is. They believe he is someone he is not, but because of what that is, he cannot even defend himself. He is entirely bound and gagged, and though they tied the gag themselves, they condemn him for not answering.
In frustration, Job wishes for a more reasonable audience: God.
Would he use his great power to argue with me?
No, he would give me a fair hearing.
Honest people can reason with him,
so I would be forever acquitted by my judge. (Job 23:6-7)
I can just imagine Job rolling his eyes, throwing up his hands and saying, “I wish I could talk to God and settle this!” He has no doubt that the God who sees all and knows all truth would at least acknowledge what he is saying as true, unlike his “friends”!
This is where Job has arrived on his spiritual journey: he has realized that what he really needs to do, since no human can offer him the right solution, since no human can offer him hope, is to go straight to the source.
But he knows where I am going.
And when he tests me, I will come out as pure as gold. (Job 23:10)
He needs to talk to God. He does not think it will change anything –
But once he has made his decision, who can change his mind?
Whatever he wants to do, he does.
So he will do to me whatever he has planned.
He controls my destiny.
No wonder I am so terrified in his presence.
When I think of it, terror grips me. (Job 23:13-15)
But it is the only consolation he has left to him, to be acquitted by God. So he wants to talk to God.
Small hiccup: Where is God?
